Apple lawyer Stephanie, PhD student at the Falcoltà of Law, University of Foggia.
These brief reflections on the issue of privacy created in the simplest possible way. Come to life and animate it with a story, by all chiamata impropriamente “mito”, ma, invero, una delle più efficaci allegorie di Platone, volta ad evidenziare le difficoltà per l’Uomo di scoprire e comprendere la realtà delle cose che lo circondano.
Siamo nel libro settimo de “La Repubblica” ed il filosofo chiede al suo interlocutore di pensare “a uomini chiusi in una specie di caverna sotterranea, che abbia l'ingresso aperto alla luce per tutta la lunghezza dell'antro; essi vi stanno fin da bambini incatenati alle gambe e al collo, così da restare immobili e guardare solo in avanti, non potendo ruotare il capo per via della catena.
Behind them, high and far away, shines the light of a fire, and between the fire and prisoners running an uphill road, along which imagines that it was built a low wall, such as screens upon which the puppeteers, hidden to the public, they stage their shows. " "Imagine then" - Plato continues - "the men who bring along this low wall objects protruding from the edge of every kind, and statues and other images in stone and wood of different shapes, some carriers, of course, speak, others are silent. "
It 'clear that while a person outside the cave would have a complete idea of \u200b\u200bthe situation, the prisoners, not knowing what really happens behind it and having no experience of the outside world, since they are chained since childhood and still can not turn my neck, would be likely to interpret those shadows "talking" as objects, animals, plants and real people. "For these men" - sentence, the philosopher - "the truth can not be anything but the shadows of objects."
leave the story at this point, stopping the narrative on that frame: chained men, intent on watching "Reality" of the shadows reflected on the wall of a cave.
The comparison with the Platonic thought, which immediately refers to our mind far more modern images of men "chained" in front of a busy watching TV and "reality" of the shadows reflected on the television, it may seem, at first sight, very bold and inconsistent.
The comparison with the Platonic thought, which immediately refers to our mind far more modern images of men "chained" in front of a busy watching TV and "reality" of the shadows reflected on the television, it may seem, at first sight, very bold and inconsistent.
In my opinion, however, is the most revealing and explaining the reality of confidentiality that all of us currently living on their skin.
The concept of privacy and a small survey
As you know, privacy is a fundamental right today recognized and protected in all EU countries and in most democracies in the world. Its recognition as a significant legal position is, indeed, the result of a conceptual stratification occurred over time and dictated by the need to cross the mere right to property and its more intuitive and primitive mental projection, ie the right not to see "invaded" the by persons outside their home.
But we must wait until the second half of the 800 to assist the United States to a first attempt, very effective, natural to conceptualize that requirement of individuals to have a personal physical space of solitude: what would soon be defined as "the right to be left alone."
Since the beginning, therefore, privacy was seen as an instrument to protect their privacy and to protect themselves from intrusive behavior of those who expressed intent to violate this legitimate expectation of confidentiality. In a sense, this concept was assigned the role as an instrument through which ideally draw a line between himself and others.
With the birth of the idea of \u200b\u200bcommunication and the subsequent ease of dissemination and duplication of information occurred over time through the press, television and, finally, the Internet was subsequently understood that he was no longer enough to protect the mere right to be "left alone" and not to be unwelcome interference in their private lives.
It became even more important that those "other people" might abuse the information related to a particular subject, gathering behind his back and put to uses that are not allowed.
For this reason, in the privacy of 1900 has extended its meaning, changing with the times and becoming a legal instrument aimed at ensuring "the control over the information that concern us."
Just starting with this need for control over our personal data, a recent search of the Italian Privacy, after submitting an anonymous questionnaire on search engines, new technologies, wiretapping and privacy, has highlighted the results very disturbing.
If, indeed, with regard to telephone communications and correspondence in general, 53% said they suspect of being intercepted, and even 60.5% considers it likely that family members or colleagues secretly monitor your e-mail , very different and alarming situation has come to light regarding the Internet world.
62% of respondents, in fact, does not believe that search engines retain "traces" of the queries made by users for more than a day and 73% say do not expect a profiling for marketing purposes on their choices.
It outlines, in short, un'inconsapevolezza very common and widespread practices on commercial content providers such as Google or Yahoo, always intent to collect, categorize and disseminate for commercial purposes without our knowledge and our tastes and our preferences, whatever they are, at the very moment of confidentiality, or when alone in front of computer monitor we believe we are finally free from any risk of being judged for what we are.
The truth of the shadows
The result of this, sees that telephone communications and correspondence as a means of intercepting high-risk, in fact, is simply the result of quell'incatenamento television, despite the now more than ten years of Internet presence in Italy, every day unknowingly continue to suffer . Surveys of high media impact as "Vallettopoli", "Calciopoli", "the Telecom affair" and the "Lazio-Gate", to name those I remember by heart, were only possible thanks to an investigation by of the judiciary based almost exclusively on wiretaps.
This has led, as a logical consequence, and standardized to heightened awareness of the danger of knowing their conversations intercepted home phone or mobile phone. If this is the situation in the world "tangible" on the Net, however, things are different. Constantly portrayed as the last bastion of free and indiscriminate sharing, the kingdom up to pedophiles and unscrupulous cheating bystanders, no emphasis has been given, for example, recently the activity of a European democratic government to develop a software "State "capable, when installed on the victim's computer, and making them easy to intercept listenable encrypted communications performed through the program better known and used VoIP (Voice over IP), called Skype, which, simplifying to the extreme, is nothing more than a phone that uses the Internet as a means of bringing the " voice ".
The activities of this government has had an enormous echo in the network, but not even a whisper came to the media. The result? "Innocent for not having committed the crime." It matters little whether the activity was aimed, in total anonymity and the violation of citizens' privacy, though, I am of course, would take place only with the consent of the magistrates, in extreme cases and investigations particularly complex and only for certain crimes, but as the saying goes: "Who controls the controllers?".
not matter, moreover, if, after the publication of news on the Internet, law enforcement, as it happens always in complete disregard of the mass media, have made inroads in ' office and the home of the spokesman of the "Pirate Party" local looking for information about "Deep Throat." We are given only see the shadows on the cave soltanto “l’ombra degli oggetti” e non la realtà delle cose; quella è riservata a pochi “uomini che portano lungo questo muricciolo oggetti d'ogni genere sporgenti dal margine, e statue e altre immagini in pietra e in legno delle più diverse fogge; alcuni portatori, com'è naturale, parlano, altri [anzi, la maggior parte] tacciono”.
Mi si opporrà a questo punto che, in fondo, “il fine giustifica i mezzi” e che, se l’art. 15 della Costituzione, nel sancire la libertà e l’inviolabilità di qualsiasi forma di comunicazione, prevede chiaramente che essa possa essere compressa “soltanto per atto motivato dell’autorità giudiziaria con le garanzie stabilite dalla legge”, c’è da stare più che tranquilli. Sono costretto allora a richiamare alla memoria, prima di tutto la mia, i dati ufficiali resi noti dal neoministro della Giustizia, l’Avv. Alfano, che il 09 giugno 2008, presentando il disegno di legge volto alla riforma della disciplina sulle intercettazioni, esplicitamente ha ammesso che “nel corso del 2007 sono stati 124.000 i soggetti sottoposti a intercettazioni legalmente ordinate dalla magistratura” e che “i centomila intercettati del 2007 avranno avuto in media, tra telefonate effettuate e ricevute, almeno trenta interlocutori.
Questo significa tre milioni di cittadini intercettati. Il numero va poi moltiplicato per enne giornate. Possiamo ben dire” – conclude il Ministro – “che buona parte del Paese è ascoltata”. E questi sono i dati ufficiali, quelli riguardanti intercettazioni “legalmente ordinate dalla magistratura”, ma l’affaire Telecom ci ha insegnato che, purtroppo, quelle a fini repressivi non sono le uniche tipologie di intercettazioni esistenti nel nostro Paese. Come dicevamo, adesso ironicamente, c’è da stare più che tranquilli..!
Ma non è tutto. Probabilmente chi per lavoro o per diletto si trova giornalmente ad avere a che fare con Internet, avrà sicuramente sentito parlare, Just recently, the new browser from Google to the worldwide community of Internet users. His name is Chrome. He won the "front pages" of all news sites, bringing the absolute latest in the world of navigation windows.
Among these, considerable interest has plenty of opportunities to surf the web, if you wish, in a completely anonymous. Software, so security-conscious users. A software to protect our privacy. Unfortunately for Google, however, there are lawyers and lawyers, you know, are a strange category.
visual masochistic, love to spend what little free time in reading the contract and its clauses, especially those written "in small and in italics, and some even like to read those contracts that you "sign" automatically on your computer before installing any software. And so it happened that someone would notice that the contract of the new "jewel" branded Google, in section 11.1, to be read before it was removed in a hurry and with apologies, that: "You retain copyright and any other rights you already hold Contenuti inviati, pubblicati o visualizzati su o tramite i Servizi.
Inviando, pubblicando o visualizzando i Contenuti, l'utente concede a Google una licenza perenne, irrevocabile, internazionale, non soggetta a diritti d'autore e non esclusiva per riprodurre, adattare, modificare, tradurre, pubblicare, eseguire in pubblico, visualizzare pubblicamente e distribuire qualsiasi Contenuto inviato, pubblicato o visualizzato su o tramite i Servizi”. Non solo. Poco più avanti, al punto 11.4, si trovava scritto: “L'utente conferma e garantisce a Google di disporre di tutti i diritti, del potere e dell'autorità necessari per concedere la suddetta licenza”. Per essere più chiari, il fruitore del software spontaneamente concedeva alla società Google il potere di disporre, liberamente e senza alcun limite, di qualunque dato personale o prodotto dell'ingegno di ogni utente del browser Chrome, risolvendo così alla radice ogni problema di privacy, ovvero ignorandola totalmente.
La Società, successivamente alla segnalazione, ha comunque immediatamente rimosso l’intero punto 11 dalla licenza in lingua inglese, ma non da quella italiana, dando una spiegazione più che “ragionevole” su quanto accaduto: si sarebbe trattato, infatti, di a botched copy and paste. In practice, the license would be taken collectively by the standard version of the Universal Terms of Service and applied first to Chrome happen without a check. All's well that ends well? I (legitimately) I doubt it.
After all Google is a company that thrives on selling advertising to third parties and, like it or not, sensitive information, which will inevitably be placed on the Internet through the browser, though, and always end up " pass "in the database that company. A little 'what happens when we use any search engine.
A little 'what happens when we use our computers daily.
But really no one noticed that the computer virus phenomenon seems not to exist anymore? Really no one has noticed a drastic decrease in detailed bulletins and alerts on the latest malicious programs, yet not be intercepted by anti-virus, ready to destroy all our files? Yet up to no more than two years ago not a month goes by without the "Loveletter", the "Sasser" or "Bugbear" on duty, able to spread and do damage on computers all over the world in just a few hours.
But really no one noticed that the computer virus phenomenon seems not to exist anymore? Really no one has noticed a drastic decrease in detailed bulletins and alerts on the latest malicious programs, yet not be intercepted by anti-virus, ready to destroy all our files? Yet up to no more than two years ago not a month goes by without the "Loveletter", the "Sasser" or "Bugbear" on duty, able to spread and do damage on computers all over the world in just a few hours.
Now everything seems to be silent and not because the problem is solved. The danger is even greater. This market has indeed evolved, adapting to the needs and requirements of potential buyers, thus turning those simple and "boring" virus proof of concept, demonstration of what can be done to a computer with the right skills, in real their malicious programs (technically called "Worm"), capable of producing wealth to those who use them.
We are, in fact, currently engaged in face of malicious programs absolutely silent, which, once in the target system, not in any way manifest their presence and "limit", for example, record keeping and the subsequent release outside the credentials entered by the user to very specific sites, such as banks, e-mail services, business and other credentials.
Once again it is the theft of personal data the real business on the Net
No scandal at this point raise the news that long since the authoritative voice of Donald Kerr , head of the Office of the Director of National Intelligence americano, si è levata per difendere con forza l’idea che Stati e aziende si approprino direttamente di tutti i dati personali dei cittadini e li gestiscano in cambio di sicurezza e servizi. L’argomentazione alla base di questa assurda teoria è tra le più classiche e propone la necessità di effettuare un ulteriore mutamento semantico della parola privacy che, sempre secondo Kerr, “è troppo spesso equiparata al concetto di anonimato”, ormai obsoleto in un mondo costantemente interconnesso.
L’alba della de-privacy?
Rifletto ed anch’io mi interrogo, allora, sulla domanda essenziale che, nel prosieguo di quella nostra storia, Platone fa al suo interlocutore: "Consider then how can they free themselves and heal from the chains of ignorance and, if you happen to their naturally a case like this: if a prisoner was released and compelled suddenly to stand up, turn your neck and walk and look towards the light, and to do everything and suffer for the blunder was unable to see those things which first saw the shadows, how would you react if someone told him that before he saw empty appearances, but now sees something closer to reality and true because his eyes turned to real objects, and also shows each of the objects that pass, forced him to answer some questions with what? Do not you think that would be in difficoltà e riterrebbe le cose viste prima più vere di quelle che gli vengono mostrate adesso?
Rifletto ed anch’io mi interrogo, allora, sulla domanda essenziale che, nel prosieguo di quella nostra storia, Platone fa al suo interlocutore: "Consider then how can they free themselves and heal from the chains of ignorance and, if you happen to their naturally a case like this: if a prisoner was released and compelled suddenly to stand up, turn your neck and walk and look towards the light, and to do everything and suffer for the blunder was unable to see those things which first saw the shadows, how would you react if someone told him that before he saw empty appearances, but now sees something closer to reality and true because his eyes turned to real objects, and also shows each of the objects that pass, forced him to answer some questions with what? Do not you think that would be in difficoltà e riterrebbe le cose viste prima più vere di quelle che gli vengono mostrate adesso?
E se fosse costretto a guardare proprio verso la luce, non gli farebbero male gli occhi e non fuggirebbe, voltandosi indietro verso gli oggetti che può vedere, considerandoli realmente più chiari di quelli che gli vengono mostrati?”. In fondo spesso l’ignoranza è un bene, un’accogliente poltrona nel cui abbraccio contemplare meglio quelle ombre così familiari, senza dover sforzare gli occhi, rilassando la mente.
Mi auguro, ovviamente, che non sia questo il caso.
The colors of this picture, unfortunately, seem very bleak. We are witnessing an ongoing theft of our personal data, breach of "legalization" of our privacy by states and companies are increasingly defiant: the first, using fear, in the name of national security and the other, making the need in exchange for services targeted as much as possible.
dawn of this privacy retouched, this "de-privacy", perhaps to give the true meaning of this word is not nothing but to "take self-awareness and be free." Free if you want, even to give all their personal data to anyone, but by personal choice and nothing else.
E 'useless to hide it, we are seeing more and more to a delisting of the semantic and ideological significance of the word Liberty. Its boundaries continue to blur make it part of a mental representation that often tend to classify as previous experience and obvious, a sign of the cross on an automatic choice, perhaps, there has never been provided. Offer ideas for this new awareness is the goal of this article. Defend it together is the task that awaits us tomorrow.
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